Daniel,
After many hours spent working on my Keihins, I understand now why many people just replace them.

i feel they were good carbs when new, but now they are worn in so many places, and most of the parts are almost impossible to find. I've been able to get mine working well, but it would have been so much easier to just get new ones.
I believe your carb's dimensions are 43mm (spigot/cylinder end), 62mm (mouth/inlet) and 98mm long. The Mikuni TMX38-27 with air boot adaptor is 44mm / 62mm / 94mm, and the VM36 is 43mm / 116mm / 62mm. I don't know if the OEM throttle cable will work with these.
Yes, needle jets wear, and make the carb run richer. I found new replacement needle jets and needles for my 28mm and 30mm Keihin carbs, and they made a real difference. The 28mm unit had many hours on it, and a 1/4 - 1/2 throttle richness I couldn't stop just went away, like magic. The 30mm carb had very low hours, but I still noticed better mid-throttle performance.
Increasing the throttle slide cutaway can really help with low-midrange richness. I just had my machinist convert the 2.5 slide on my 30mm to 3.0mm, I'll be trying it out today. Changing from a 3.0 to a 3.5 made a big difference on my 28mm, too.
Ray